Nan et al. have shown that rosiglitazone, which is used as a clinical treatment for insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, ameliorated hepatic fibrosis by activating PPARγ, which can inhibit HSC activation and suppress the expression of TGF-β1 and connective tissue growth factor. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.