KRAS and infection: Since our previous unpublished observations and studies of others have indicated that high level of transgene expression and adenoviral infection, per se, may adversely affect cell viability and growth [36], [37], [38], [39]; the cells were infected with a series of multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratios in order to find an optimal MOI that leads to eradication of NS3-expressing cells while maintaining minimal toxicity to naïve cells.