In addition, several top hits were tested with another intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes, and our results revealed that these IFN-γ induced beneficial genes (TNFRSF9, SERPINI1, SERPINA7, HLA-DRB1, ATG5, and ATG16L1) were also functional relevant to Listeria infection (Fig. 8), consistent with shared host response mechanisms to both intracellular pathogens, F. tularensis and L. monocytogenes. Here, ATG16L1 is linked to listeriosis.