In our study, we showed that NFκB and XBP-1 were predominantly expressed but miR-214 was significantly reduced in human HCC tissues, miR-214 directly targets XBP-1, and UPR or hypoxia induced-NFκB activation negatively controls the miR-199a/214 cluster transcription in HCC cells. This evidence concerns the gene XBP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.