These include NOX-E36 L-RNA aptamer against CCL2 ligand in Type 2 diabetes, G-quadruplex forming AS1411 DNA aptamer against nucleolin in acute myeloid leukemia, and phosphorothioate-modified ARC1779 DNA aptamer against von Willebrand factor (vWF) in carotid artery disease [7], [8], [10]. The gene discussed is VWF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.