CAV1 and urinary bladder cancer: In bladder cancer, it has previously been reported that Cav-1 expression is elevated at the onset of oncogenesis (Fong et al, 2003) and these levels rise further with progression of the disease in terms of stage and grade (Rajjayabun et al, 2001; Fong et al, 2003; Kunze et al, 2006).