Elevated serum levels of HMGB1 have been found in different inflammatory conditions such as sepsis [13], rheumatoid arthritis [14,15], anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis [16], and chronic kidney disease [17] as well as in SLE [18-20]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.