In the presence of risk factors such as DM (hyperglycaemia), endothelial cells are activated to express adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) which are required for leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial surface [31]. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and diabetes mellitus.