It has thus been deduced that the role of the ERα/α homodimer is to accelerate cellular proliferation, thus lending to carcinogenesis and tumor progression, while conversely the transcriptional activation from ERβ/β homodimers is thought to be protective against hormone-dependent diseases including breast and prostate cancers [13], [14], [15]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.