TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Similar correlation patterns were observed across subpopulations by health condition (data not shown), although correlations were slightly stronger between some markers among men with diabetes (TNF-α and IL-1β, rS = 0.53; TNF-α and IL-6, rS = 0.62; VEGF and IL-1β, rS = 0.50) and obesity (VEGF and IL-1β, rS = 0.57).