ACE and heart failure: To further evaluate the etiologic effects of ACE I/D polymorphisms in ACS, we analyzed the association between ACE genotypes and different ACS manifestations (UAP and AMI), complications (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia), relevant clinical risk factors (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total blood cholesterol and triglyceride and body mass index), clinical history (heart failure, CAD, MI and family history) and history of smoking.