Given the demonstrated roles of T2DM, obesity, and peripheral insulin resistance as mediators of cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and supportive evidence that improvements in insulin responsiveness enhance cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration, the inclusion of chromium picolinate as a dietary supplement, or development of like compounds that achieve the same, or better and more reproducible effects could help target fundamental metabolic dysfunctions that occur early in the course of AD. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.