INS and Alzheimer disease: Nonetheless, the findings that chelation of zinc and iron prevents or attenuates streptozocin-, alloxan-, or ferritin-induced diabetes [405-407], and that desferrioxamine chelation of iron, and dietary restriction of iron increase glucose uptake and insulin signaling in hepatocytes [408, 409] are intriguing with respect to the roles of brain insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD and neurodegeneration.