Independent studies have reported hypermethylation of atleast one of a set of different genes (VHL, p16/INK4a, p14ARF, APC, RASSF-1A, TIMp-3, MGMT, GSTP1, CDH1, and ARF RARbeta2) in over 95% of tumor samples representing all major biological and histological types, grades and stages compared to no methylation in corresponding normal renal or urethral tissues. This evidence concerns the gene CDKN2A and neoplasm.