CD8A and glioma: 6). The outcome of Ras inhibition in immune cells is an enhanced anti-inflammatory response (increased interleukin-10 and TGF-β) and immune tolerance [7]. Its outcome in GL261 glioma tumor cells, however, is decreased secretion of TGF-β and hence an increase in the proliferation and functional capacity of antitumor CD8+ CTLs (see Figure 4 and scheme in Figure 6).