PTX3 knock-out mice with an atherosclerosis-prone apoE−/− background were shown to develop more pronounced atherosclerosis than those expressing PTX3 with the extra atherosclerosis being reversed by administration of PTX3.[13] More experimental and prospective epidemiological studies are needed to further establish the mechanistic role of PTX3 in human atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene PTX3 and atherosclerosis.