At sixteen-hours post infection, PtoDC3000 carrying HopZ1a destroyed 50% of the cortical microtubule networks of Arabidopsis GFP-MAP4, whereas infection with PtoDC3000 carrying the empty vector, the HopZ1a(C216A) catalytic mutant, or AvrRpt2 induced no change in the cortical microtubule networks (Figure 5A). The gene discussed is MAP4; the disease is infection.