TNF and infection: To determine their roles in the induction of ECM in α-CTLA-4- and α-PD-L1-treated PbA-infected BALB/c mice, in vivo treatment with neutralising α-IFN-γ or α-TNF antibodies throughout infection (days −1, 1, 3, 5, 7) was performed (Figure 6 C,D).