VEGFA and cancer: We found that murine IL-6, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) (human IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) (human growth-regulated oncogene-alpha, GRO-α) were greater in ends of the bone compared to shafts and were increased in cancer-bearing mice.