Patients who underwent BCS (n = 201), BCS-AM (n = 151), or TM (n = 53) for DCIS between 2004 and 2008 at NYUMC were compared by clinicopathological variables and were found to be similar in age, grade and size of DCIS, necrosis, multifocality, calcifications, and ER/PR status (Table 1(a)). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.