It is hypothesized that altered local function of the frontotemporal cortex in localization-related epilepsy might be better predicted by the biochemical marker ICAM-5 than epilepsy characteristics such as seizure focus because there is an association between decreased frontotemporal activation on fMRI, both detectable ICAM-5 serum levels and levetiracetam use [79]. Here, ICAM5 is linked to epilepsy.