Intensive diabetes management with three or more daily insulin injections or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion decreased the risk of progression of retinopathy by 54% (95% CI 39–66), While insulin therapy has been shown to be efficacious in preventing progression of retinopathy in diabetes, problems with administration and some variability in efficacy warrants a need for continued development of new therapies for diabetic retinopathy. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.