IGF1 and hyperinsulinism: These findings suggest that both EGCG and BCAA effectively suppress the development of premalignant CRC lesions by suppressing the IGF/IGF-1R axis; improving hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia; and inhibiting the expression of COX-2, which is involved in CRC development because it mediates inflammatory signaling pathways and can therefore be an important target for chemoprevention (Figure 2) [100].