In 2009, the guidelines regarding the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C, which were jointly amended by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and American Society of Gastroenterology (ASG), declared that antiviral therapy based on IFN is not recommended for use in patients after renal transplantation due to the risk of acute rejection. Here, IFNA1 is linked to hepatitis C virus infection.