FGF8 and cleft lip: Similarly, heterozygous missense coding mutations in human FGF8 have been shown to be associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate [72], cause pleiotropic defects in forebrain and pituitary formation [73], and a recent case of recessive holoprosencephaly with asymptomatic, consanguineous parents has been attributed to hypomorphic alleles of FGF8[74]; none of these patients presented cardiac malformations.