When using multivariate linear regression models and simultaneously including CSF CCL2, age, gender, MMSE total score, education level and APOE-ε4 carrier status, we found that only CSF CCL2 was significantly associated with a higher annual decrease in MMSE score during follow-up (p = 0.009) or with a shorter time to conversion to AD (p = 0.016) (Table 3). Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.