On the basis of previous reports that a subset of NSCLC tumors do not induce angiogenesis but instead co-opt the normal vasculature for further growth [16,17], we also evaluated associations of Oct-4 expression with tumor cell proliferation and prognosis in subsets of patients with weak VEGF-mediated angiogenesis (disregarding the nonangiogenic subsets of NSCLC in the analysis, which would tend to obscure the role of Oct-4 expression in primary NSCLC). The gene discussed is POU5F1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.