In addition, measures of insulin regulation [e.g., homeo-static model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance)] were affected in Wistar rats treated with 3.4 mg/kg body weight/day As(III) by oral gavage for 90 days (Izquierdo-Vega et al. 2006) and in pregnant female LM/Bc/Fnn mice treated with 9.6 mg/kg As(V) by intra-peritoneal injection on gestational days 7.5 and 8.5 (Hill et al. 2009). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.