TNF and tuberculosis: Analysis of the combinatorial responses showed a significant increase in the proportion of triple positive (IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+) and double positive (TNF-α+IFN-γ+) cells in TB compared to non-TB patients following both PPD and EC stimulation (p = 0.0011 and p<0.0001 respectively; Figs. 2c and 2d).