IAPP and diabetes mellitus: For example, ATP, monosodium urate (MSU), cholesterol crystals, amyloid beta, hyaluronan, islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), fatty acid and glucose activates NLRP3 inflammasome [14]–[37], which contributes to disease associated with these DAMPs/molecules – i.e. MSU (gout), amyloid beta (Alzheimer's disease), cholesterol crystals (atherosclerosis), IAPP and glucose (diabetes), fatty acid (type II diabetes), hyaluronin (inflammation during tissue damage) and ATP (chronic and atopic inflammation in the respiratory tract).