Strikingly, IL-6 (Fig. 4C), IL-1β (Fig. 4D), IL-1α, IL-10, MIP-1α, and KC (data not shown) were secreted at significantly higher levels in response to infection with C. caviae compared to C. muridarum, whereas G-CSF (data not shown), GM-CSF (data not shown), and TNF-α (Fig. 4E) levels were similar between the strains. Here, IL1B is linked to infection.