CAIX expression, as detected by immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, is upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in cancers of the lung [44-46], colon [47, 48], breast [49-51], cervix [52-55], bladder [56], ovaries [57], brain [58], head and neck [59-61], and oral cavity [62, 63]. This evidence concerns the gene CA9 and cancer.