Factors associated with developing anaemia 12 months after cART initiation were (Table 2): female gender (33% increase of risk compared with males); low baseline haemoglobin level (significant increase of risk with decreasing haemoglobin at baseline); low baseline CD4 count (significant increase of risk with decreasing CD4 count at baseline); advanced disease stage (30% increase of risk compared with lesser disease stage); initial AZT-containing cART (150% increase of risk compared with patients initiating non-AZT-containing cART). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia.