HNF1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It is apparent that the classic risk factors for T2DM, including calorie overconsumption, macronutrient malnutrition, physical inactivity, ageing, stress, and obesity, as well as the recently discovered HNF-1α G319S polymorphism, coexist in the Oji-Cree population of Northern Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario.