KIT and melanoma: Significant clinical benefits have been achieved using the RAF kinase inhibitor, vemurafenib, to treat melanomas showing BRAF mutations and the receptor protein kinase inhibitor, imatinib, to treat melanomas showing KIT mutations (Flaherty et al, 2010; Carvajal et al, 2011; Chapman et al, 2011; Guo et al, 2011).