IL1B and malaria: It has been also shown that cytokines play an important role in the immunopathology of malaria and many field studies have described an association of specific cytokines with severity of disease, in particular IL-2 [9], IL-12 [10,11], IFN-γ [9,12], IL-1β [13], IL-6 [14,15], TNF [9,13-22], IL-4 [23-25], IL-10 [9,12,20,26,27], MIP-1β [28], and TGF-β [29].