Analyses of two cytokines (M-CSF and TNF-a) with ELISA technology verified that there were no statistical differences between AD and control plasma samples (in control plasma, n = 148, M-CSF levels were 21.82±0.87 ng/L and TNF-a levels were 1.90±0.14 ng/L, in AD plasma, n = 148, the corresponding levels were 24.03±0.71 and 1.85±0.06 ng/L respectively). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.