ERG and cancer: These “normal adjacent” tissues are susceptible to “field cancerization”, an effect that has been documented in many human tumor types and that involves molecular abnormalities in the normal adjacent tissue such as increased expression of cancer-associated genes or proteins, changes in gene methylation patterns, microsatellite alteration, increased oxidative DNA damage and angiogenesis, and TMPRSS2-ERG-fusions [45]–[50].