Employing IHC-based ERCC1 protein expression analyses, results from the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial (IALT) showed that patients with ERCC1 negative tumours randomised to adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy had an increase in overall survival of 14 months compared to patients randomized to observation, whereas patients with ERCC1-positive tumours did not show this result. The gene discussed is ERCC1; the disease is lung carcinoma.