CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: Consequently, we demonstrated that IL-31 and IL-33 together could stimulate the co-culture of eosinophils and fibroblasts to secrete high levels, up to hundred fold, of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and AD-related chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5 (Figure 2).