Dingli et al. (2004) [69] first rescued the recombinant Edmonston vaccine strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) encoding the NIS gene and demonstrated 1) the ability of MV-NIS to replicate almost as efficiently as unmodified MV-Edm, 2) human multiple myeloma tumor cells infected with MV-NIS efficiently localized radioiodide in vitro, and 3) MV-NIS expressing human myeloma xenografts in immunocompromised mice could be visualized in vivo using serial 123I scintigraphic imaging. The gene discussed is SLC5A5; the disease is plasma cell myeloma.