In both UC and Crohn’s disease, polarised immune activity towards Th1 (marked by up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6) and Th17 (marked by IL-17 secretion) response is reported, while UC appears to exhibit an added contribution of Th2 responses (characterised by secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) [200]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Crohn disease.