PCNA and infection: For these purposes, we measured the levels of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 activation, Cyclins, PCNA, Gadd45β, Gadd45γ, p53 and p21 by western blot and qPCR and, using immunohistochemistry we studied the same components in relation to the pathological changes in the liver, both in the infection site and in the neighboring liver parenchyma where proteins and mRNAs were measured.