H2AX and ovarian cancer: To measure the BRCAness (i.e. the HR) profile of sporadic ovarian cancers, we used immunocytochemistry (ICH) to examine protein expression of DNA damage response proteins FANCD2, BRCA1, PARP, H2AX, and ATM, as well as PTEN and p53, tumor suppressor genes that also have a function in maintaining genomic stability by engaging in DNA repair [19]–[25] in a panel of sporadic ovarian carcinomas.