UCP2 and Hyperglycemia: Concomitantly with the hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial free radical overproduction, it has been described that in hyperglycemia Ucp2 gene transcription is activated by key regulatory proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), forkhead transcription factors, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) [114], and AMP-activated protein kinase [115].