Pending future mechanistic studies, this data indicate that prostaglandin-mediated suppressive effects, or other, as yet to be identified differential TFM-C/celecoxib-related effects on TNF-α production may extend to other cytokines as well, and provide an important clue as to the more potent beneficial effects of TFM-C compared to celecoxib in the arthritis models presented here. Here, TNF is linked to arthritic joint disease.