These studies have indicated that the effects of mTOR inhibition by AICAR and metformin occur irrespectively of TKI-sensitivity [59] and further raised the prospect of using AMPK activators in the treatment of Ph+ leukemias refractory to TKIs, including CML and Ph+ ALL. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.