In addition, co-treatment of butein with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) enhances death receptor 5 (DR5) expression and elevated caspase 3 activity, which, in turn, cause TRAIL-resistant leukemia and hepatoma cell lines to undergo apoptosis (13,14). The gene discussed is TNFRSF10B; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.