MYD88 and HIV infectious disease: Our study demonstrates that TLR 7/8 activation elicits an antiviral response in primary monocytes with increased TLR 7 expression at the initial disease (SP stage); thus, we can speculate that at the time of initial HIV-infection, HIV ssRNA may be recognized by TLR 7 and activate signaling pathways resulting in MyD88 activation and subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNs which could increase TLR 7/8 expression [45].