Matuszewski and colleagues evaluated lymphocyte subpopulations after RF ablation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 6 patients and found a globally increased proportion of activated T cells in the majority of patients (CD3+HLA-DR+) whereas effects on CD4+, CD8+, and NK (CD56+CD16+) cells varied among individuals and at different timepoints [71]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.