The lack of an inferred order between the RAS and PIK3C1/AKT pathways may potentially be the result of increased crosstalk between the two pathways in this subtype: cell line experiments have shown that while both RAS and PIK3C1/AKT pathway alteration may be necessary to initiate cancers, either pathway alone is sufficient to maintain tumor growth [54]. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CB and cancer.